The Concrete as a Technology Enabler (CREATE) project aimed to confirm that reinforced concrete technology can make a step-change in the LCOE in wave energy converters (WECs). Reinforced concrete has a lower unit cost and superior durability in the offshore environment compared to steel. It is also a well understood material and can take advantage of a mature supply chain.

For many WEC types, structural concrete can provide a more effective solution for meeting the mass requirements, using the mass of the structure directly rather than requiring the addition of ballast. The CREATE project is WEC technology agnostic and WEC devices have been chosen where the core benefits of concrete could be realised.

Stage 1 of the CREATE project demonstrated the potential benefit of concrete technology in four WEC devices, highlighting the versatility of the material in the sector.

Stage 2 further demonstrated that concrete is a feasible material for application in WECs and can enable significant cost reduction. Design and testing activities mitigated technical risks, with a focus on areas of high localised loading such as tether and mooring connection points, and demonstrated the technical viability of using precast concrete elements in WECs.

The final stage, Stage 3, consolidated the feasibility of structural concrete elements, broadening the range of WEC devices for which concrete-based designs have been developed. A digital decision-making tool, named CONVEX (CONcrete Viability EXplorer), has been developed to assist wave energy device developers identify where incorporating concrete in their technology has the potential to deliver cost reductions. The current capability and capacity of the concrete supply chain in Scotland to support the production of concrete WECs has been mapped. The information acquired from contractors, suppliers, fabrication facilities, and, port and harbour facilities has been collated and presented via a GIS-based interface. The aim of these tools is to prime developers and the supply chain for serial production of floating concrete WEC structures.

For current information on the status of this material development following the conclusion of the WES programme, please contact the Lead Applicant.